---
cve: "CVE-2025-25291"
severity: "CRITICAL"
cvss: 9.3
epss: "21%"
vendor: "SAML-Toolkits"
kev: false
exploited: false
published: "2025-03-12 21:15:42"
tags: [cve, security, critical]
source: tsecurity.de CVE-Dossier
exported: "2026-11-11T10:06:32+01:00"
---

# CVE-2025-25291

> 9.3 CRITICAL · 🧪 PoC

## Beschreibung

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.

## CNA-Record (Kanon, cvelistV5)

- CNA: **GitHub_M**
- State: PUBLISHED
- Stand: 2025-11-03 19:44:59
- CNA-CVSS: **9.3** (`CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N`)

## CISA-Anreicherung (vulnrichment/ADP)

- CISA-SSVC (Coordinator, v2.0.3):
  - Exploitation: **poc**
  - Automatable: **yes**
  - Technical Impact: **total**

## CVSS-Vektor

```
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
```

| Metrik | Wert | Bewertung |
|---|---|---|
| AV Angriffsvektor | Netzwerk | bad |
| AC Komplexität | Gering | bad |
| PR Privilegien | Keine | bad |
| UI Interaktion | Keine | bad |

## Schwachstellen-Klasse

- **CWE-347** — Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
  The product does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.
- **CWE-436** — Interpretation Conflict
  Product A handles inputs or steps differently than Product B, which causes A to perform incorrect actions based on its perception of B's state.

## Angriffsmuster (CAPEC)

- [CAPEC-463 — Padding Oracle Crypto Attack](https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/463.html) _(Severity: High)_
- [CAPEC-475 — Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation](https://capec.mitre.org/data/definitions/475.html) _(Severity: High)_

## Patch verfügbar (OSV)

- 1075827eb7d7b0926920c9b452f756d18de6deab (Commit)
- 2eb30faada7936b2e2188e47a5b768f5643e6eae (Commit)

## BSI-Hinweise (deutsch)

- [Ruby SAML: Mehrere Schwachstellen](https://wid.cert-bund.de/portal/wid/sicherheitshinweis/WID-SEC-W-2025-0561) — _BSI-Einstufung: hoch_
  Ein entfernter, anonymer Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in Ruby SAML ausnutzen, um Sicherheitsvorkehrungen zu umgehen und um einen Denial of Service Zustand herbeizuführen.
- [GitLab: Mehrere Schwachstellen](https://wid.cert-bund.de/portal/wid/sicherheitshinweis/WID-SEC-W-2025-0549) — _BSI-Einstufung: hoch_
  Ein Angreifer kann mehrere Schwachstellen in GitLab ausnutzen, um Informationen preiszugeben, beliebigen Code auszuführen, Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu umgehen, Daten zu manipulieren und einen Denial-of-Service-Zustand zu verursachen.

## Referenzen

- <https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm>
- <https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv>
- <https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9>
- <https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97>
- <https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released>
- <https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials>
- <https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4>
- <https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0>
- <https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins>
- <https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml>
- <https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html>
- <https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519>

---
_Exportiert aus dem [tsecurity.de CVE-Dossier](https://tsecurity.de/sicherheitsluecken/cve-2025-25291/) · Datenquellen: EUVD (ENISA), NVD, OSV, CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS, Exploit-DB, BSI WID (CSAF)_