🔧 Python For Beginners

print("Hello World...")

name = "Adom" #string
age = 18 #number
isAdult = True #boolean 
grade = 89.70 #float

# Initial variables
string_number = "123"
string_float = "123.45"
int_number = 123
float_number = 123.45
boolean_value = True

# String to Integer
int_from_string = int(string_number)  # "123" -> 123

# String to Float
float_from_string = float(string_float)  # "123.45" -> 123.45

# Integer to String
string_from_int = str(int_number)  # 123 -> "123"

# Float to String
string_from_float = str(float_number)  # 123.45 -> "123.45"

# Integer to Float
float_from_int = float(int_number)  # 123 -> 123.0

# Float to Integer (Note: this truncates the decimal part)
int_from_float = int(float_number)  # 123.45 -> 123

# Boolean to Integer (True -> 1, False -> 0)
int_from_boolean = int(boolean_value)  # True -> 1

# Boolean to String
string_from_boolean = str(boolean_value)  # True -> "True"

# Integer to Boolean (0 is False, non-zero values are True)
boolean_from_int = bool(int_number)  # 123 -> True

# Float to Boolean (0.0 is False, non-zero values are True)
boolean_from_float = bool(float_number)  # 123.45 -> True

# Print all conversions
print(f"String to Integer: {int_from_string}")
print(f"String to Float: {float_from_string}")
print(f"Integer to String: {string_from_int}")
print(f"Float to String: {string_from_float}")
print(f"Integer to Float: {float_from_int}")
print(f"Float to Integer: {int_from_float}")
print(f"Boolean to Integer: {int_from_boolean}")
print(f"Boolean to String: {string_from_boolean}")
print(f"Integer to Boolean: {boolean_from_int}")
print(f"Float to Boolean: {boolean_from_float}")

# This is a single-line comment
print("Hello")  # This comment is after a line of code

"""
This is a multi-line comment.
You can write as many lines as you want.
"""

age = 18

if age < 13:
    print("You're a child")
elif age < 20:
    print("You're a teenager")
else:
    print("You're an adult")

x = 10
y = 3

print(x + y)  # Addition: 13
print(x > y)  # Comparison: True
print(x > 5 and y < 5)  # Logical: True

text = "Hello, World!"

print(text.upper())  # HELLO, WORLD!
print(text.lower())  # hello, world!
print(text.replace("Hello", "Hi"))  # Hi, World!
print(text.split(","))  # ['Hello', ' World!']

for i in range(5):
    print(i)  # Prints 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

count = 0
while count < 5:
    print(count)
    count += 1  # Prints 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

# Initial list
my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

# 1. Append an item to the list
my_list.append(60)  # Adds 60 to the end of the list

# 2. Insert an item at a specific index
my_list.insert(2, 25)  # Inserts 25 at index 2

# 3. Extend the list with another list
my_list.extend([70, 80, 90])  # Adds all elements from another list

# 4. Remove an item from the list
my_list.remove(30)  # Removes the first occurrence of 30

# 5. Pop an item from the list (by default, removes the last element)
popped_item = my_list.pop()  # Removes and returns the last element (90)

# 6. Access elements by index
first_item = my_list[0]  # Access the first element (10)
last_item = my_list[-1]  # Access the last element (80)

# 7. Slicing a list (getting a subset of the list)
sub_list = my_list[1:4]  # Returns elements from index 1 to 3 ([20, 25, 40])

# 8. Find the index of an item
index_of_40 = my_list.index(40)  # Returns the index of the first occurrence of 40

# 9. Count occurrences of an item
count_of_20 = my_list.count(20)  # Counts how many times 20 appears in the list

# 10. Reverse the list
my_list.reverse()  # Reverses the order of the list

# 11. Sort the list
my_list.sort()  # Sorts the list in ascending order

# 12. Length of the list
length_of_list = len(my_list)  # Returns the number of elements in the list

# 13. Check if an item exists in the list
is_50_in_list = 50 in my_list  # Returns True if 50 is in the list, otherwise False

# 14. Clear the list (removes all elements)
my_list.clear()  # Empties the list

# Print all operations
print("Appended and Inserted List: ", [10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60])
print("Extended List: ", [10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90])
print("Popped Item: ", popped_item)
print("First Item: ", first_item)
print("Last Item: ", last_item)
print("Sub List: ", sub_list)
print("Index of 40: ", index_of_40)
print("Count of 20: ", count_of_20)
print("Reversed List: ", [80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 25, 20, 10])
print("Sorted List: ", [10, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80])
print("Length of List: ", length_of_list)
print("Is 50 in List: ", is_50_in_list)
print("Cleared List: ", my_list)

for num in range(5):
    print(num)  # Prints 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

# range(start, stop, step)
for num in range(2, 10, 2):
    print(num)  # Prints 2, 4, 6, 8