Enterprise VPN applications created by Palo Alto Systems, Pulse Secure, Cisco, and F5 Networks are reportedly known to have been 'storing' authentication and session cookies that too insecurely, as indicated by a DHS/CISA alert with a vulnerability note issued by CERT/CC, conceivably enabling attackers to sidestep authentication.
The caution issued on the 14th of April by the Department of Homeland Security's Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) additionally expresses that a potential "attacker could exploit this vulnerability to take control of an affected system."
As detailed in the Common Weakness Enumeration database in CWE-311, the way that an application neglects to "encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission" could permit would-be attacker to intercept traffic information, read it and infuse malignant code/information to play out a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack.
CERT/CC says:
The following products and versions store the cookie insecurely in log files:
- Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect Agent 4.1.0 for Windows and GlobalProtect Agent 4.1.10 and earlier for macOS0 (CVE-2019-1573)
- Pulse Secure Connect Secure prior to 8.1R14, 8.2, 8.3R6, and 9.0R2
The following products and versions store the cookie insecurely in memory:
- Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect Agent 4.1.0 for Windows and GlobalProtect Agent 4.1.10 and earlier for macOS0 (CVE-2019-1573)
- Pulse Secure Connect Secure prior to 8.1R14, 8.2, 8.3R6, and 9.0R2
-Cisco AnyConnect 4.7.x and prior
As indicated by this note "It is likely that this configuration is generic to additional VPN applications," which suggests that many VPN applications from an aggregate of 237 vendors can conceivably be affected by this data divulgence vulnerability.
Additionally, the vulnerability note composed by Carnegie Mellon University's Madison Oliver says that - "If an attacker has persistent access to a VPN user's endpoint or exfiltrates the cookie using other methods, they can replay the session and bypass other authentication methods. An attacker would then have access to the same applications that the user does through their VPN session."
While VPN applications from Check Point Software Technologies and pfSense were found to not be 'vulnerable', Cisco and Pulse Secure haven't yet issued any data with respect to this vulnerability. Palo Alto Networks have thusly published a security advisory with additional information on this data revelation vulnerability tracked as CVE-2019-1573.
F5 Networks then again, while being "aware of the insecure memory storage since 2013" chosen not to fix it and gives the following solution as a relief measure: "To mitigate this vulnerability, you can use a one-time password or two-factor authentication instead of password-based authentication."
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