Code Checkpoint: Memoisation and its magic

This is a submission for DEV Computer Science Challenge v24.06.12: One Byte Explainer.

Explainer

Memoization stores the results of expensive operations and returns them quickly when needed, saving time and effort. Think of a video game save point! Instead of replaying the same level every time you lose, you save your progress. Don't hate your cache!

Also huge shoutout to my team member @vedangit !!