Python is a versatile and accessible programming language that is known for its clear syntax and readability
This makes it a good choice for building webrtc applications
We can build a WebRTC server in python by using libraries such as aiortc
aortic library
Pure python Implementation:
- The
aiortclibrary is a pure python implementation of WebRTC and ORTC. - This means that you do not need to depend on any third party library or any other dependencies
- The
Built on
asyncio:
- The
aiortcis built on top of python's ownasynciolibrary for async connections. - Thus allowing you to handle multiple concurrent connections easily
- The
Media and data channels:
- The library provides support for Video, audio as well as data channels, thus enabling a wide range of real time communication features.
Ease of Integration:
aiortccan be easily integrated with other python libraries such asaiohttpfor web server as well as other third party libraries such as
Setting up signalling with WebSockets
- Setting up signalling with WebSockets
WebRTC needs a signalling mechanism in order to establish a connection.
WebRTC does this by exchanging SDP or session descriptions and ICE candidates between peers
For this, you can use anything. In this article we are going to use WebSockets for real time bi directional communication between client and server
Signalling setup ( Server code)
CODEimport asyncio
from aiohttp import web
import json
async def index(request):
with open('index.html', 'r') as f:
content = f.read()
return web.Response(text=content, content_type='text/html')
async def websocket_handler(request):
ws = web.WebSocketResponse()
await ws.prepare(request)
# Handle incoming WebSocket messages here
return ws
app = web.Application()
app.router.add_get('/', index)
app.router.add_get('/ws', websocket_handler)
web.run_app(app)
- Handling Peer Connections and Media streams
Here we are going to create
RTCPeerConnectionobject to manage the connection and the media streams
Server code example (Peer Connection)
CODEfrom aiortc import RTCPeerConnection, RTCSessionDescription
pcs = set() # Keep track of peer connections
async def websocket_handler(request):
ws = web.WebSocketResponse()
await ws.prepare(request)
pc = RTCPeerConnection()
pcs.add(pc)
@pc.on("datachannel")
def on_datachannel(channel):
@channel.on("message")
async def on_message(message):
# Handle incoming messages
pass
async for msg in ws:
if msg.type == web.WSMsgType.TEXT:
data = json.loads(msg.data)
if data["type"] == "offer":
await pc.setRemoteDescription(RTCSessionDescription(
sdp=data["sdp"], type=data["type"]))
answer = await pc.createAnswer()
await pc.setLocalDescription(answer)
await ws.send_json({
"type": pc.localDescription.type,
"sdp": pc.localDescription.sdp
})
elif data["type"] == "candidate":
candidate = data["candidate"]
await pc.addIceCandidate(candidate)
elif msg.type == web.WSMsgType.ERROR:
print(f'WebSocket connection closed with exception {ws.exception()}')
pcs.discard(pc)
return ws
and get your TURN credentials
On the Dashboard click on the
Click here to generate your first credentialbutton to create a new TURN server credential
You can also use the api key to enable TURN servers
- Configure the ICE servers
CODEiceServers: [
{
urls: "stun:metered.ca:80",
},
{
urls: "turn:global.relay.metered.ca:80",
username: "4efd284bf1075051a07466e7",
credential: "PLm78gtgI6mKgm/j",
},
{
urls: "turn:global.relay.metered.ca:80?transport=tcp",
username: "4efd284bf1075051a07466e7",
credential: "PLm78gtgI6mKgm/j",
},
{
urls: "turn:global.relay.metered.ca:443",
username: "4efd284bf1075051a07466e7",
credential: "PLm78gtgI6mKgm/j",
},
{
urls: "turns:global.relay.metered.ca:443?transport=tcp",
username: "4efd284bf1075051a07466e7",
credential: "PLm78gtgI6mKgm/j",
},
]
pc = RTCPeerConnection(configuration={"iceServers": iceServers})
- Code Example illustrating the Key streps
Here is how we can integrate everything here
CODEfrom aiohttp import web
import json
from aiortc import RTCPeerConnection, RTCSessionDescription
async def websocket_handler(request):
ws = web.WebSocketResponse()
await ws.prepare(request)
turn_servers = [
{
urls: "stun:metered.ca:80",
},
{
urls: "turn:global.relay.metered.ca:80",
username: "4efd284bf1075051a07466e7",
credential: "PLm78gtgI6mKgm/j",
},
{
urls: "turn:global.relay.metered.ca:80?transport=tcp",
username: "4efd284bf1075051a07466e7",
credential: "PLm78gtgI6mKgm/j",
},
{
urls: "turn:global.relay.metered.ca:443",
username: "4efd284bf1075051a07466e7",
credential: "PLm78gtgI6mKgm/j",
},
{
urls: "turns:global.relay.metered.ca:443?transport=tcp",
username: "4efd284bf1075051a07466e7",
credential: "PLm78gtgI6mKgm/j",
},
]
pc = RTCPeerConnection(configuration={"iceServers": turn_servers})
@pc.on("iceconnectionstatechange")
def on_iceconnectionstatechange():
print("ICE connection state:", pc.iceConnectionState)
# Rest of your handler code...
return ws
Practical Implementation Tips
Network Considerations
- Managing NAT traversal with Metered.ca STUN/TURN Servers
STUN Servers: These help the client devices that are behind a NAT know their own IP address and port number. To learn more about STUN servers go to
- Ensuring Reliable and Low latency Connections
Automatic Geographic routing: Metered.ca has automatic geographical routing
Performance Optimization
Using
asynciofor concurrency managementMedia streams management best practices
API: TURN server management with powerful API. You can do things like Add/ Remove credentials via the API, Retrieve Per User / Credentials and User metrics via the API, Enable/ Disable credentials via the API, Retrive Usage data by date via the API.
Global Geo-Location targeting: Automatically directs traffic to the nearest servers, for lowest possible latency and highest quality performance. less than 50 ms latency anywhere around the world
Servers in all the Regions of the world: Toronto, Miami, San Francisco, Amsterdam, London, Frankfurt, Bangalore, Singapore,Sydney, Seoul, Dallas, New York
Low Latency: less than 50 ms latency, anywhere across the world.
Cost-Effective: pay-as-you-go pricing with bandwidth and volume discounts available.
Easy Administration: Get usage logs, emails when accounts reach threshold limits, billing records and email and phone support.
Standards Compliant: Conforms to RFCs 5389, 5769, 5780, 5766, 6062, 6156, 5245, 5768, 6336, 6544, 5928 over UDP, TCP, TLS, and DTLS.
Multi‑Tenancy: Create multiple credentials and separate the usage by customer, or different apps. Get Usage logs, billing records and threshold alerts.
Enterprise Reliability: 99.999% Uptime with SLA.
Enterprise Scale: With no limit on concurrent traffic or total traffic. Metered TURN Servers provide Enterprise Scalability
5 GB/mo Free: Get 5 GB every month free TURN server usage with the Free Plan
Runs on port 80 and 443
Support TURNS + SSL to allow connections through deep packet inspection firewalls.
Supports both TCP and UDP
Free Unlimited STUN
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