#!/usr/bin/env python3

"""

File Organizer - Automatically sort files by type, date, or size

"""



import os

import shutil

from pathlib import Path

from datetime import datetime

from collections import defaultdict



class FileOrganizer:

    def __init__(self, source_dir, dry_run=True):

        self.source_dir = Path(source_dir)

        self.dry_run = dry_run

        self.stats = defaultdict(int)



        # File type mappings

        self.file_types = {

            'Images': ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif', '.bmp', '.svg', '.webp'],

            'Documents': ['.pdf', '.doc', '.docx', '.txt', '.rtf', '.odt'],

            'Videos': ['.mp4', '.avi', '.mkv', '.mov', '.wmv', '.flv'],

            'Audio': ['.mp3', '.wav', '.flac', '.aac', '.ogg', '.m4a'],

            'Archives': ['.zip', '.rar', '.7z', '.tar', '.gz', '.bz2'],

            'Code': ['.py', '.js', '.html', '.css', '.java', '.cpp', '.c', '.go', '.rs'],

            'Data': ['.json', '.csv', '.xml', '.yaml', '.yml', '.sql', '.db'],

            'Executables': ['.exe', '.msi', '.dmg', '.pkg', '.deb', '.rpm']

        }



    def organize_by_type(self):

        """Organize files into folders by type"""

        for file_path in self.source_dir.iterdir():

            if file_path.is_file():

                self._move_by_type(file_path)



        return dict(self.stats)



    def organize_by_date(self, date_format='%Y-%m'):

        """Organize files into folders by modification date"""

        for file_path in self.source_dir.iterdir():

            if file_path.is_file():

                self._move_by_date(file_path, date_format)



        return dict(self.stats)



    def _move_by_type(self, file_path):

        """Move file to appropriate type folder"""

        ext = file_path.suffix.lower()



        # Find category

        category = 'Others'

        for cat, extensions in self.file_types.items():

            if ext in extensions:

                category = cat

                break



        # Create destination

        dest_dir = self.source_dir / category

        dest_path = dest_dir / file_path.name



        # Handle duplicates

        counter = 1

        while dest_path.exists():

            stem = file_path.stem

            suffix = file_path.suffix

            dest_path = dest_dir / f"{stem}_{counter}{suffix}"

            counter += 1



        if self.dry_run:

            print(f"[DRY RUN] Would move: {file_path.name} -> {category}/")

        else:

            dest_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)

            shutil.move(str(file_path), str(dest_path))

            print(f"Moved: {file_path.name} -> {category}/")



        self.stats[category] += 1



    def _move_by_date(self, file_path, date_format):

        """Move file to date-based folder"""

        mtime = datetime.fromtimestamp(file_path.stat().st_mtime)

        date_folder = mtime.strftime(date_format)



        dest_dir = self.source_dir / date_folder

        dest_path = dest_dir / file_path.name



        # Handle duplicates

        counter = 1

        while dest_path.exists():

            stem = file_path.stem

            suffix = file_path.suffix

            dest_path = dest_dir / f"{stem}_{counter}{suffix}"

            counter += 1



        if self.dry_run:

            print(f"[DRY RUN] Would move: {file_path.name} -> {date_folder}/")

        else:

            dest_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)

            shutil.move(str(file_path), str(dest_path))

            print(f"Moved: {file_path.name} -> {date_folder}/")



        self.stats[date_folder] += 1





if __name__ == '__main__':

    import argparse



    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Organize files automatically')

    parser.add_argument('directory', help='Directory to organize')

    parser.add_argument('--by', choices=['type', 'date'], default='type',

                       help='Organization method')

    parser.add_argument('--execute', action='store_true',

                       help='Actually move files (default is dry-run)')



    args = parser.parse_args()



    organizer = FileOrganizer(args.directory, dry_run=not args.execute)



    if args.by == 'type':

        stats = organizer.organize_by_type()

    else:

        stats = organizer.organize_by_date()



    print(f"\nOrganization complete!")

    print(f"Files organized: {sum(stats.values())}")

    for category, count in sorted(stats.items()):

        print(f"  {category}: {count}")

# Preview what would happen (dry run)

python file_organizer.py ~/Downloads



# Actually organize by file type

python file_organizer.py ~/Downloads --execute



# Organize by date

python file_organizer.py ~/Photos --by date --execute

python-automation-toolkit/

├── file_organizer.py      # Chapter 1

├── bulk_renamer.py        # Chapter 1

├── directory_sync.py      # Backup tool

├── text_processor.py      # Find/replace at scale

├── README.md              # Documentation

├── requirements.txt       # Dependencies

└── examples/              # Use cases