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Webp is meant to replace GIF, JPEG, and PNG.
Its features include:
Lossy compression
Lossless compression
Metadata, including Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) and
Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP)
Transparency (an "alpha channel")
Embedded ICC (International Color Consortium) profile
Multiple frames (animation)
The typical expectation is to achieve equal or better visual
quality as a JPEG or PNG or GIF, but with a savings of 25% to 35%
on file size.
This is famously difficult to measure, because if you concede to
an equal file size, then the quality ought to be better, but there
is a "ceiling" to quality that can be detected by the majority of
human eyes.
So the metric is the unmeasurable: How good does it look to you?
If it looks as good or better, and the file size is smaller, then
it can be said that the format is superiour.
The best and most common test is to look at an image compressed
with JPEG or PNG compression, and then look at the same image
compressed by WEBP.
If you can't tell the difference, and the file size of WEBP is
smaller, then it's an improvement for disk space and bandwidth.
WEBP is an 8-bit format (based on the VP8 video codec) and lacks
support for 10-bit, 12-bit, or 16-bit colour.
Specifically, WEBP is YUV420, where Y is Luma (brightness and
darkness), and U and V are Chroma (colour).
Each 8-bit pixel in the UV (Chroma) corresponds to a 2-by-2 block
of 8-bit Luma pixels, or in other words, Chroma gets half the
resolution of Luma.
This is not uncommon, because how sharp an image appears to the
human eye is mostly (not entirely, to be fair) influenced by Luma.
Our eyes differentiate bright from dark better than our eyes
perceive subtle shifts in hue.
The ICCP chunk starts with a 4-byte declaration (the ASCII string
"ICCP"), then a 32-bit integer representing the length of the
payload, then the payload (the ICC profile specification according
to the International Color Consortium), and then optionally a byte
to pad the header.
The embedded ICC profile can define any old colour space you
want.
If none is defined, sRGB is assumed.
The libwebp library only parses the ICC profile, it
doesn't actually handle conversion.
That's left to the client application, which is why you might get
a notice sometimes in GIMP or a similar application about a colour
space mismatch.
(It's generally safe to convert to your current colour space, and
if it's not then you'd know it because you're working in a
multimedia production house where colour spaces and colour
profiles are significant.)
Converting to WEBP is available in most applications, at this
point, including Image Magick and the cwebp command.
Image Magick:
$ convert foo.tiff foo.webp
Or using cwebp with -q for a quality
0 (low) to 100 (high), and -o for output:
$ cwebp foo.tiff -q 60 -o foo.webp
Test images are available from a Mozilla test
suite.
Or you can test on a Hacker Public Radio image, such as the
screenshot of the upload form on the episode_show_notes
page:
$ wget https://hackerpublicradio.org/images/upload_form.png
$ cwebp upload_form.png -q 50 -o upload_form.webp
$ ls -gl
-rw-r--r-- 1 users 308K Sep 16 13:56 upload_form.png
-rw-r--r-- 1 users 79K Sep 16 13:57 upload_form.webp