CSV File:
-->Comma seperated files.
-->It is a plain text format with series of values seperated by commas.
-->It stores all lines and fields in rows and columns
-->It can be opened with any text editor in windows.
Format:
f =open("sample.txt", "r")
with open("sample.txt",’r’) as f:
r-read: Opens the file for reading
w-write: Opens the file for writing. Creates a new file or overwrites an existing one.
rb-read binary: This is used to read binary files like images, videos, audio files, PDFs, or any non-text files.
Example:
score.csv:
Player,Score
Virat,80
Rohit,90
Dhoni,100
From another module:
import csv
f =open("score.csv", "r")
csv_reader = csv.reader(f)
for row in csv_reader:
print(row)
f.close()
Output:
['Player', 'Score']
['Virat', '80']
['Rohit', '90']
['Dhoni', '100']
ASCII
American standard code for information interchange(ASCII)
Ascii Table:
Refer: https://www.w3schools.com/charsets/ref_html_ascii.asp
48-57 - Numbers
65-91 - A to Z
97-122- a to z
ord-ordinal-->To find ASCII number
chr-character-->To convert number to character
Pattern formation using ASCII:
1)
for row in range(5):
for col in range(row+1):
print(chr(col+65), end=' ')
print()
Output:
A
A B
A B C
A B C D
A B C D E
2)
for row in range(5):
for col in range(5-row):
print(chr(row+65), end=' ')
print()
Output:
A A A A A
B B B B
C C C
D D
E
Printing name using for loop and while loop:
Method-1:
name = 'guru'
for letter in name:
print(letter,end=' ')
Method-2:
name = 'guru'
i = 0
while i<len(name):
print(name[i],end=' ')
i+=1
Output:
g u r u
String methods using ASCII:
1. Capitalize: To convert first character into uppercase.
txt = "hello, and welcome to my world."
first = txt[0]
if first>='a' and first<='z':
first = ord(first)-32
first = chr(first)
print(f"{first}{txt[1:]}")
Output:
Hello, and welcome to my world.
2. casefold: To convert string into lowercase.
txt = "GUruprasanna!"
for letter in txt:
if letter>='A' and letter<'Z':
letter = ord(letter)+32
letter = chr(letter)
print(letter,end='')
Output:
guruprasanna!
3. Count: Returns the number of times a specified value occurs in a string.
txt = "I love apples, apple is my favorite fruit"
key = 'apple'
l = len(key)
count = 0
start = 0
end = l
while end<len(txt):
if txt[start:end] == key:
count+=1
start+=1
end+=1
else:
print(count)
Output:
2
#First Occurrence of given key
txt = "I love apples, apple is my favorite fruit"
key = 'apple'
l = len(key)
start = 0
end = l
while end<len(txt):
if txt[start:end] == key:
print(start)
break
start+=1
end+=1
Output:
7
#Last Occurrence of given key
txt = "I love apples, apple is my favorite fruit"
key = 'apple'
l = len(key)
start = 0
end = l
final = 0
while end<len(txt):
if txt[start:end] == key:
final = start
start+=1
end+=1
else:
print(final)
Output:
15
Task:
Find program for given output:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3
1
Input:
for row in range(4):
for col in range(7-(row*2)):
print((col+1), end=' ')
print()
SOCIAL SHARE CARD GENERATOR