, Prometheus provides an excellent foundation for comprehensive monitoring.
Installing Prometheus on Ubuntu
Let's walk through installing Prometheus on a Linux system. We'll use Ubuntu as the example, but the process is similar for other distributions.
Download and Install
First, create a dedicated user for Prometheus:
CODE
sudo useradd --no-create-home --shell /bin/false prometheus
Download the latest Prometheus release:
CODE
cd /tmp
wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.48.0/prometheus-2.48.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvf prometheus-2.48.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd prometheus-2.48.0.linux-amd64
Copy binaries and create directories:
CODE
sudo cp prometheus /usr/local/bin/
sudo cp promtool /usr/local/bin/
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/prometheus
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/promtool
sudo mkdir /etc/prometheus
sudo mkdir /var/lib/prometheus
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /var/lib/prometheus
sudo cp -r consoles /etc/prometheus
sudo cp -r console_libraries /etc/prometheus
sudo cp prometheus.yml /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
sudo chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus
For package management on Ubuntu, refer to our comprehensive containers offers flexibility and easier management:
Create docker-compose.yml:
CODE
version: '3.8'
services:
prometheus:
image: prom/prometheus:latest
container_name: prometheus
volumes:
- ./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
- prometheus_data:/prometheus
command:
- '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
- '--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus'
- '--storage.tsdb.retention.time=30d'
ports:
- "9090:9090"
restart: unless-stopped
node_exporter:
image: prom/node-exporter:latest
container_name: node_exporter
command:
- '--path.rootfs=/host'
volumes:
- '/:/host:ro,rslave'
ports:
- "9100:9100"
restart: unless-stopped
alertmanager:
image: prom/alertmanager:latest
container_name: alertmanager
volumes:
- ./alertmanager.yml:/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
- alertmanager_data:/alertmanager
ports:
- "9093:9093"
restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
prometheus_data:
alertmanager_data:
Start the stack:
CODE
docker-compose up -d
Kubernetes Monitoring
Prometheus excels at monitoring , the deployment process is similar with minor adjustments for platform-specific features.
Setting Up Alerting
AlertManager handles alerts sent by Prometheus. Configure alert rules and notification channels.
Alert Rules
Create /etc/prometheus/alert_rules.yml:
CODE
groups:
- name: system_alerts
interval: 30s
rules:
- alert: HighCPUUsage
expr: 100 - (avg by (instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100) > 80
for: 5m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "High CPU usage on {{ $labels.instance }}"
description: "CPU usage is above 80% (current value: {{ $value }}%)"
- alert: HighMemoryUsage
expr: (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100 > 85
for: 5m
labels:
severity: warning
annotations:
summary: "High memory usage on {{ $labels.instance }}"
description: "Memory usage is above 85% (current value: {{ $value }}%)"
- alert: DiskSpaceLow
expr: (node_filesystem_avail_bytes / node_filesystem_size_bytes) * 100 < 15
for: 10m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "Low disk space on {{ $labels.instance }}"
description: "Available disk space is below 15% on {{ $labels.mountpoint }}"
- alert: InstanceDown
expr: up == 0
for: 2m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} is down"
description: "{{ $labels.job }} instance {{ $labels.instance }} has been down for more than 2 minutes"
AlertManager Configuration
Create /etc/prometheus/alertmanager.yml:
CODE
global:
resolve_timeout: 5m
smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.gmail.com:587'
smtp_from: '[email protected]'
smtp_auth_username: '[email protected]'
smtp_auth_password: 'your-password'
route:
group_by: ['alertname', 'cluster', 'service']
group_wait: 10s
group_interval: 10s
repeat_interval: 12h
receiver: 'team-email'
routes:
- match:
severity: critical
receiver: 'team-pagerduty'
- match:
severity: warning
receiver: 'team-slack'
receivers:
- name: 'team-email'
email_configs:
- to: '[email protected]'
headers:
Subject: '{{ .GroupLabels.alertname }}: {{ .Status | toUpper }}'
- name: 'team-slack'
slack_configs:
- api_url: 'https://hooks.slack.com/services/YOUR/SLACK/WEBHOOK'
channel: '#alerts'
title: 'Alert: {{ .GroupLabels.alertname }}'
text: '{{ range .Alerts }}{{ .Annotations.description }}{{ end }}'
- name: 'team-pagerduty'
pagerduty_configs:
- service_key: 'your-pagerduty-key'
Integration with Grafana
While Prometheus has a basic web interface,
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