Most Scope 2 carbon calculators I've reviewed do one of two things: hardcode a single global average factor and call it a day, or reach for a third-party API that charges per lookup and introduces a network dependency into a calculation that should be instant and deterministic.
Neither is acceptable if you're building tools that practitioners will use to file regulatory disclosures.
Here's how I structure the grid emission factor lookup at .
Sources: IEA Global Energy Review 2026 · DEFRA GHG Conversion Factors 2025 (DESNZ) · EPA eGRID Summary Tables 2022, published January 2024 · GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance
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