Lab 1 – Linux Navigation & Files (20 points)

Task 1

Create the following structure.

/home/student/

├── project

│   ├── logs

│   ├── scripts

│   └── backup

Requirements

• create all directories


• create
  

app.log

error.log

install.sh

inside correct folders.

Task 2

Move

app.log

into

backup

Task 3

Delete

error.log

Task 4

Find

install.sh

using only one command.

Lab 2 – Permissions (20 points)

Create

secret.txt

Requirements

Owner

• read/write

Group

• read

Others

• no access

Verify permissions.

Create a new user

developer

Switch to that user.

Can the user read

secret.txt

Explain why.

Lab 3 – Processes (20 points)

Start a process

Example

sleep 500

Questions

Find

• PID

Kill the process

Verify it stopped.

Bonus

Find the top five processes using the most memory.

Lab 4 – Disk Space (20 points)

Create a directory

practice

Generate a file about 100 MB.

Questions

How much disk space is used?

How much free disk space remains?

Which command shows directory size?

Lab 5 – Networking (30 points)

Find

Your

• hostname


• private IP


• default gateway


• DNS server

Ping

8.8.8.8

Questions

Did it work?

Ping

google.com

If this fails but

8.8.8.8

works,

what is the problem?

Display

All listening ports.

What service is listening on port 22?

Lab 6 – Troubleshooting (40 points)

Scenario 1

A user says

"Internet is not working."

Show the commands you would run.

Expected ideas

ip addr

ping 8.8.8.8

ping google.com

ip route

cat /etc/resolv.conf

Explain each step.

Scenario 2

A website is down.

Questions

How do you verify

• server is running?


• nginx is running?


• port 80 is listening?


• firewall issue?


• logs?

Commands should include

systemctl status nginx



journalctl -u nginx



ss -tuln



curl localhost



systemctl restart nginx

Scenario 3

SSH stopped working.

How would you troubleshoot?

Expected

ping server



ssh localhost



systemctl status ssh



ss -tulpn



journalctl -xe



systemctl restart ssh

Lab 7 – Mixed Practical (Best Assessment)

Tell students:

You are the new Junior DevOps Engineer.

The manager asks you to prepare a server.

Complete all tasks.

Task 1

Create user

developer

Task 2

Create

/opt/application

Task 3

Create

run.sh

Make it executable.

Task 4

Create a file

server.log

containing

Application started

Task 5

Find your IP address.

Task 6

Show free disk space.

Task 7

Start

sleep 300

Find its PID.

Terminate it.

Task 8

Find every

*.log

file under

/opt

Task 9

Display the routing table.

Task 10

Explain the difference between

ping 8.8.8.8

and

ping google.com

Oral Questions (Ask During the Lab)

• What is the difference between a process and a service?


• Why do we need DNS?


• What is the difference between a private IP and a public IP?


• What happens when you type google.com into a browser?


• What is the purpose of the default gateway?


• What does chmod 755 mean?


• What is the difference between find and locate?


• What does sudo actually do?


• Why do Linux servers typically not have a graphical interface?


• If a website is down, what would you check first and why?