2026 EuroLLVM - Challenges in binary rewriting: enabling BOLT to optimize CFI-hardened binaries

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2026 EuroLLVM Developers' Meeting

https://llvm.org/devmtg/2026-04/

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Title: Challenges in binary rewriting: enabling BOLT to optimize CFI-hardened binaries

Speaker: Gergely Balint

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Slides: https://llvm.org/devmtg/2026-04/slides/quick_talk/quick_talk_balint.pdf

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BOLT is increasingly adopted as it can provide additional performance uplift on top of LTO+PGO optimized binaries. At the same time, AArch64 binaries are commonly deployed with Control Flow Integrity features (PAC and BTI) enabled. This creates a practical challenge: until recently, BOLT couldn't optimize such binaries. It would either crash, or worse: emit incorrect binaries, crashing at runtime. The talk introduces our work on enabling these features, and describes key engineering challenges, including how implementing such features differs from their compiler counterparts.

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